Report of Iskandar Asadullaev (Assadoullaev) For Hegel Society of America
Avicenna and Hegel: a problem (principle) of genetic harmony. The major task of philosophy is achievement of intellectual results, irrespective of directions of philosophy - materialism it or idealism, agnosticism, dualism or theism and so on. In each direction of philosophy were carried out intellectual achievements whether the researchers agree or not. In the present report we shall pay attention to the point that outstanding ideas of Avicenna Hegel and other teachers of mankind arose on ground of universal mentality, preparing the channel of conclusive intellectual achievements. To show it, we will address to the universal law of a universe - expansion of similarity which is in more detail stated in the book: Assadoullaev I. (Asadullaev I.) ” New Categories of Philosophy and Philosophy of Politics” (Dushanbe, Donish, 2006, 380 p.). Expansion of similarity as the universal law of the universe - universal movement of uniformity - represents one of the sides of development. The opposite side of development is the constant occurrence of innovations having same categorical value. Expansion of similarity it not simply ascertaining of similarity of things, and movement, generation of similarity, and by virtue of it idea of genetic harmony or genetic similarity directly refers to it. That is that genetic harmony of things also is other side of expansion of similarity, but with other accents. In philosophy during millennia more attention was given not to diversity of things, the phenomena, essence, but to the link of the phenomena understood in the various image. It took place, in spite of the fact that the dialectic method in its advanced kind has arisen much later. Philosophers paid attention not only to an opposition, contrast or distinction of things, but also on their harmony, similarity. Thus it is necessary to emphasize, that the idea of genetic harmony or similarity was not always shown boldly, and has been mostly twisted in other ideas and knowledge. In platonic philosophical tradition similarity acts as conformity of the lowest to the supreme. In Christianity, since Origen, the theology considers similarity of god as an ideal of the person. One of bright displays of idea of general link we meet in idea of an emanation - the expirations, in the lowest areas of life from the supreme when the supreme remains in a motionless and inexhaustible condition. It is clear, that in an emanation there is no full similarity of the supreme and the lowest, but one expires from another and it is not only supposes, but also assumes their certain harmony. For Plato this is doctrine about the Blessing as the super reasonable Sun, radiating of itself all life, i.e. giving to all to be, and to be cognizable. If say it differently, one life generates other life, and they are proportional - similar - each other as life. At the same time for Plato we meet also other harmony - ideas and things. As to idea of cognoscibility of the world it appears in the most various forms of philosophers, comprises two essentially important point. First, a recognition of basic link of the subject and object, second, a recognition of their genetic harmony - harmonies subjective objective, or, on the contrary, objective subjective - in knowledge or in other aspects. Anticipating the further statement of the question, we shall note, that a human idea, extremely rich and diverse, in the most unusual metamorphosis’s as a whole initially recognized interrelation prophetic and their harmony. Thus the harmony - genetic when in many cases philosophers consider things or the subject and object as proceeding from each other. For Aristotle a basis of bases is « the first engine», «the first thing» and « the pure form », other thinkers of an ancient philosophy put forward other ideas about the fundamental principle, connecting with it all infinite variety of the world. That is in idea of a fundamental principle the idea of general link as first such attempt is initially incorporated. Philosophers of an antiquity tried to reduce all variety of the world to fundamental principles, in this attempt the idea of the general link reduced to idea of the God is incorporated. In religions and theology the God as the beginning of the beginnings generates the world, in compliance with the will and reason. Much later in dialectic materialism the idea of genetic harmony was expressed in many directions. For example, it was showed in the theory about concurrence of dialectics, logic and the theory of knowledge, unity of object and the subject, basic cognoscibility of the world, material unity of the world as bases of harmony, similarity of all things, in the materialistic decision of the basic question of philosophy when the consciousness admits as a derivative from a matter and reflecting it, etc. In other words, there are, in our opinion, enough bases to put a problem about the idea which has arisen even in an antiquity of genetic harmony or similarity of a reality or the world to itself - things, life, the subject, object - as fundamental problem of philosophy. As the subject it is understood not only the person and mankind, but also idea of existence of the supreme life - the God. Why we do not continue to use concept of expansion of similarity and we resort to one more concept - genetic harmony, a question which arises fairly. First of all, we understand link of one things with others as genetic harmony or similarity, as corresponding to one measure. Even if in doctrines it is supposed dualistic diversity the worlds or things and in this case, finally, at the divided phenomena harmony, let differently is observed, the link of genetic is supposed. The concept of expansion of similarity emphasizes on process of movement of uniformity whereas we use concept of genetic harmony, first of all, in aspect of general harmony, similarity of things to each other, connected genetically. That is this same concept of expansion of similarity, but taken with other accent. It can be seen by the example of creativity declined to dualism of Ibni Sina - in the concepts developed by him previous and the subsequent. As his researchers mark, «God precedes supposed life to [reality] not in time, but in content … ». Avicenna proves that the world also is eternal, as well as the God, but the God precedes the world on essence. That is the world and the God are genetically connected on essence. So he writes in this occasion: «prefollowed on essence will be, that life of a thing does not depend on life of the certain thing, but, on the contrary, life of the certain thing depends on him irrespective of, whether there will be things during one time and in one place, whether or not » In this aspect there are, at least, two kinds of harmony or similarity: harmony or similarity of the generated thing to that or who generates it, and harmony of those things which correspond to one measure even if are not connected by process of direct following one by one in time. Expansion of similarity as a category is universal and diverse displays, forms and aspects. It, for example, includes also such form as stability of things in time. The thing is steady the quality, hence continues the similarity in time. That is the accent in understanding of genetic harmony is done not so much on stability prophetic in time as expansion of similarity, on harmony, similarity of coexisting things and worlds. Let's address to philosophy Ibni Sina, to that as the idea of harmony in the ratio life and divine will is shown. In the book "Danishname" in section "Metaphysics" she writes: «It was necessary to tell, that everything, that in his will, there is, and everything, what not in his will, does not belong to that follows from him. And that thing which in his will, would exist if even it was unworthy his will; and what not in his will, did not exist if he even has wanted. In this sense we say something almighty ». For Avicenna harmony objective subjectivity in the form of divine will is expressed in a context of idea about omnipotence of the God. In the other product - « the Manual on philosophy » in the section "Metaphysics" in a context of sights about prophecy Avicenna says the following: « all this is reasonably necessary and possible in life, and life follows for reasonable ». Avicenna expresses an idea, meaning reasonability existence of a prophecy and the prophet. However his judgments fall outside the limits of context of theology and express other fundamental idea of mankind - idea of harmony, similarity of life and reason which is the major form of display of idea of genetic harmony or similarity of life to the itself. The idea of genetic harmony is boldly expressed in M.V.Lomonosov's products, for example, in his « Works on physics 1753 - 1765 » where he emphasizes harmony of a cause and effect, similarity of the nature to itself. M.V.Lomonosov’s opens one of prominent aspects of expansion of similarity at a level of a determinism - similar generates similar. This idea has been stated by Plato, but not in the developed kind. In M. V. Lomonosov's same works precisely formulates a principle of similarity of the nature to itself. In application to astronomy and astrophysics this principle refers to cosmology by Jordano Bruno's as principle - a principle of uniformity of the universe. M.V.Lomonosov’s formulates the idea as follows: « I shall follow constant laws of the nature which everywhere is similar to itself ». Variations and forms of an embodiment of idea of genetic harmony or similarity in a stream of an intellectual history and the modernity of mankind are infinite. However the idea of genetic harmony of the nature or the world in a history of a science was not always expressed the itself is convex, was not always carried out is realized, as we see it, apparently, in rather various variations at Avicenna and other thinkers, but it always contained in practical logic of various scientists at a formulation of other ideas and principles. Existing from ancient times, but not at a level of high generalization, the idea of genetic harmony has received at Hegel unusually rich and limiting form - idea of identity of reason and the validity. It possesses its relief embodiment words: all valid is reasonable, all reasonable is valid. The unusual riches of philosophy of Hegel as a whole are devoted to this idea though it is not reduced only to it.Iskandar Kurbanovich Assadoulaev (Asadullaev), Doctor of Philosophical Sciences, President of Information-Research Centre “Simurgh” Address: Dushanbe city, 734064, Somoni Street 73/2, apart. 52 Tel: (992 372) 35 16 59 Fax: (992 372) 51 04 04 E-mail: dr_asadullaev@mal.ru . Information-Research Centre “Simurgh” is registered within Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Tajikistan on 13 May 1996.October 8, 2006