R=1; r=0.2; h=0.3;	R=1; r=1; h=1.5	R=1; r=1/6; h=1+1/6
roots=0; width=200 fmin=-2-2i; fmax=2+2i xmax=10*pi R = 1; r=0.2; m=r/R h=0.3 x=(R+m*R)*cos(m*t)-h*cos(t+m*t) y=(R+m*R)*sin(m*t)-h*sin(t+m*t) XY(t)=x+i*y XY1=exp(i*t/5); color1=00aa00	roots=0; width=200 fmin=-4-4i; fmax=4+4i xmax=2*pi R = 1; r=1; m=r/R h=1.5 x=(R+m*R)*cos(m*t)-h*cos(t+m*t) y=(R+m*R)*sin(m*t)-h*sin(t+m*t) XY(t)=x+i*y XY1=exp(i*t); color1=00aa00	roots=0; width=200 points=200 fmin=-3-3i; fmax=3+3i xmax=12*pi R = 1; r=1/6; m=r/R h=1+1/6 x=(R+m*R)*cos(m*t)-h*cos(t+m*t) y=(R+m*R)*sin(m*t)-h*sin(t+m*t) XY(t)=x+i*y XY1=exp(i*t/6);color1=00aa00
R=1; r=0.2; h=0.1;	R=1; r=0.1; h=0.1
roots=0; width=200 fmin=-2-2i; fmax=2+2i xmax=10*pi R = 1; r=0.2; m=r/R h=0.1 x=(R+m*R)*cos(m*t)-h*cos(t+m*t) y=(R+m*R)*sin(m*t)-h*sin(t+m*t) XY(t)=x+i*y XY1=exp(i*t/5); color1=00aa00	roots=0; width=200 fmin=-2-2i; fmax=2+2i xmax=10*pi R = 1; r=0.2; m=r/R h=0.2 x=(R+m*R)*cos(m*t)-h*cos(t+m*t) y=(R+m*R)*sin(m*t)-h*sin(t+m*t) XY(t)=x+i*y XY1=exp(i*t/5); color1=00aa00

In Cartesian coordinates: (x² + y² - ay)² = l²(x²+y²)
In polar coordinates: r = l - a·sin(φ)

a > l	a = l	a < l
xmax=4*pi fmin=-2-3i fmax=2+i l=1; a=2 r=l-a*sin(fi) f(fi)=cplxe(r,fi)	xmax=4*pi fmin=-2-3i fmax=2+i l=1; a=1 r=l-a*sin(fi) f(fi)=cplxe(r,fi)	xmax=4*pi fmin=-2-3i fmax=2+i l=1; a=0.5 r=l-a*sin(fi) f(fi)=cplxe(r,fi)
l = 1/25 ... 2
nmax=50; animated(0,0) xmax=4*pi l=1; a=(n+1)/25 r=l-a*sin(fi) f(fi)=cplxe(r,fi)

x = (R + mR)cos(mt) - mcos(t + mt)
y = (R + mR)sin(mt) - msin(t + mt)
m=r/R;

m = 1/10	m = 1/3	m = 2/3
roots=0; width=200 fmin=-1.5-1.5i; fmax=1.5+1.5i xmax=20*pi R = 1; m=1/10 x=(R+m*R)*cos(m*t)-m*cos(t+m*t) y=(R+m*R)*sin(m*t)-m*sin(t+m*t) XY(t)=x+i*y XY1=exp(i*t/10); color1=00aa00	roots=0; width=200 fmin=-2-2i; fmax=2+2i xmax=6*pi R=1; m=1/3 x=(R+m*R)*cos(m*t)-m*cos(t+m*t) y=(R+m*R)*sin(m*t)-m*sin(t+m*t) XY(t)=x+i*y XY1=exp(i*t/3); color1=00aa00	roots=0; width=200 fmin=-2.5-2.5i; fmax=2.5+2.5i xmax=6*pi R=1; m=2/3 x=(R+m*R)*cos(m*t)-m*cos(t+m*t) y=(R+m*R)*sin(m*t)-m*sin(t+m*t) XY(t)=x+i*y XY1=exp(i*t/3); color1=00aa00
m=1
roots=0; width=200 fmin=-3-3i; fmax=3+3i R=1; m=1 x=(R+m*R)*cos(m*t)-m*cos(t+m*t) y=(R+m*R)*sin(m*t)-m*sin(t+m*t) XY(t)=x+i*y XY1=exp(i*t); color1=00aa00

x=(R-mR)·cos(mt) + m·cos(t-mt)
y=(R-mR)·sin(mt) - m·sin(t-mt)
m=r/R;

m = 1/4	m = 1/2.1
roots=0; width=200 xmax=8*pi R=1; m=1/4 x=(R-m*R)*cos(m*t)+m*cos(t-m*t) y=(R-m*R)*sin(m*t)-m*sin(t-m*t) XY(t)=x+i*y XY1=exp(i*t/4); color1=00aa00	roots=0; width=200 xmax=42*pi fmin=-1-i; fmax=1+i R=1; m=1/2.1 x=(R-m*R)*cos(m*t)+m*cos(t-m*t) y=(R-m*R)*sin(m*t)-m*sin(t-m*t) XY(t)=x+i*y XY1=exp(i*t/21); color1=00aa00

x = r·t - h·sin(t)
y = r - h·cos(t)

nmax=5; animated(100,0) xmax=6*pi width=400 r = 1; h=(n+1)/3 x=r*t-h*sin(t) y=r-h*cos(t) XY(t)=x+i*y	a=0.4 %% a = 0...1 fbox=1; width=400; ratio=1; points=10; roots=0; spline=1 xmin=0; xmax=2*pi p0=i+2*pi*a p1=i+2*pi*a+exp(-i*2*pi*a+i*3*pi/2) r = 1 x=r*(t-sin(t)) y=r*(1-cos(t)) XY(t)=x+i*y XY1=(p0*(xmax-x)+p1*(x-xmin))/(xmax-xmin); color1=00aa00 XY2=i+2*pi*a+exp(-i*x); color2=00aa00

Physical and mathematical package "GRAPH"